In Medical Malpractice Overview, medical expert witness Eugene DeBlasio writes on failure to treat or erroneous treatment:
The most common way in which doctors are negligent by failing to treat a medical condition is when they “dismiss” the presenting symptoms as temporary, minor, or otherwise not worthy of treatment. This situation may result in an exacerbation of the underlying condition or injury, causing further harm or injury. For example only, an undiagnosed splinter or chip in a broken bone may result in the lodging of a piece of bone in soft tissue or internal bleeding caused by the sharp edge of the splintered bone.
Erroneous treatment is most likely to occur as a result of a misdiagnosis. However, a doctor who has correctly diagnosed a disease or condition may nonetheless fail to properly treat it. Other times, negligence is the result of a doctor attempting a “novel” treatment that fails, when in fact a more conventional treatment would have been successful.